考虑河道分洪的灰绿耦合设施改造方案研究

张朝阳¹，方宏远¹²，狄丹阳¹，贾浩¹，白渝¹

（1.郑州大学水利与交通学院，郑州450001；2.黄河实验室，郑州450018）

摘要：强降雨事件所引发的城市河道漫堤使得城市内涝灾害愈发难以应对。为此，开展了考虑河道分洪的灰绿耦合设施改造方案研究，首先，针对下垫面、排水系统、河道三个方面分析研究区内涝成因，其次，利用改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的TOPSIS法得到灰绿耦合设施最优改造方案，最后，对比分析改造前后研究区的内涝淹没特征。主要得到以下结论：内涝成因主要为不透水用地类型占比较高、管道排水能力不足、金水河河水漫流；考虑河道分洪的灰绿耦合设施改造方案能够有效减少城市内涝灾害，50a降雨情景下内涝灾害减弱效果最突出，积水深度减少了0.41 m，淹没范围减少了14.4 %，相当于441个国际标准足球场；灰绿耦合措施对于极端强降雨所产生的内涝灾害削减效果一般。

关键词：城市内涝；灰绿耦合设施；河道分洪；多目标优化；TOPSIS法

Study on the reconstruction scheme of gray-green coupling facilities considering river flood diversion

Zhang Zhaoyang¹，Fang Hongyuan¹²，Di Danyang¹，Jia Hao¹，Bai Yu¹

(1.School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001，China; 2.Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450018，China)

Abstract: The flooding of urban rivers caused by heavy rainfall events has made urban waterlogging disasters increasingly difficult to deal with. To this end, a study on the transformation plan of gray-green coupling facilities considering river flood diversion was carried out. First, the causes of waterlogging in the study area were analyzed from the three aspects of underlying surface, drainage system and river channel. Secondly, the TOPSIS method of the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was used to obtain the optimal transformation plan of gray-green coupling facilities. Finally, the characteristics of waterlogging in the study area before and after the transformation were compared and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: the causes of waterlogging are mainly the high proportion of impervious land types, insufficient pipeline drainage capacity, and overflow of Jinshui River; the transformation plan of gray-green coupling facilities considering river flood diversion can effectively reduce urban waterlogging disasters. The waterlogging disaster reduction effect is the most prominent under the 50-year rainfall scenario, with the waterlogging depth reduced by 0.41m and the flooding range reduced by 14.4%, equivalent to 441 international standard football fields; the gray-green coupling measures have a general effect on reducing waterlogging disasters caused by extreme heavy rainfall.

Keywords: urban waterlogging; gray-green coupling facilities; river flood diversion; multi-objective optimization; TOPSIS

近年来，城市内涝灾害问题日益突出。强降雨事件所引发的城市河道漫堤使得城市内涝灾害愈发难以应对，给人们的生活、财产和城市基础设施带来了巨大的威胁。如，2023年7月，中国北京市发生严重内涝灾害，永定河水位急剧上涨，小清河桥发生垮塌，漫溢的河水冲走大量汽车^[1]。

灰绿设施融合了灰色基础设施的可靠性和绿色基础设施的可持续性，对于城市内涝灾害的治理具有重要的作用。然而，现有灰绿耦合设施改造方案研究大多只针对排水管道、绿色屋顶、透水铺装等进行改造，忽视了河道漫流所引发的城市内涝灾害，未针对河道漫流问题提出具体的改造方案。

为此，本文开展考虑河道分洪的灰绿耦合设施改造方案研究，在充分分析内涝成因的基础上，针对性地提出适宜于本研究区特点的灰绿耦合设施改造方案。

1 城市暴雨内涝模型

1.1 研究区概况

金水河是郑州市中心城区的主要河流，为贾鲁河主要三级支流。金水河由西南向东北流经二七区、中原区、金水区及郑东新区，河道全长27.66 km，流域面积80.1 km²，是中心城区主要的行洪排涝通道之一，也是郑州市唯一串联四主城区的城市内河，其防洪保护对象尤为重要。研究区包含金水河和贾鲁河两条河流，贾鲁河河岸两侧多为裸土或耕地，而金水河河岸两侧多为建筑物，人口和房屋密度较大，容易遭受暴雨内涝灾害，如图1所示。

图1 研究区概况图

研究区基础数据包括：（1）排水管网数据：来源于《郑州市排水工程规划（2011—2020